Introduction

Pinot Noir, the beloved red wine grape, is renowned for its delicate flavors and ability to reflect the terroir of its origin. But did you know that there are actually 10 major clones of Pinot Noir?* Each clone has its unique characteristics, and understanding them can enhance your appreciation of this exceptional varietal. In this comprehensive guide, we'll explore the 10 major clones of Pinot Noir, where they're used, and the comparisons and contrasts between them.

*In France alone, there are over 100 officially recognized Pinot Noir clones at the ENTAV-INRA® (French National Technical Institute). However, only about 15-20 of these are widely used in commercial viticulture and of those, really only 10 are the most relevant. Of note, many famous vineyards are made up of a field blend of numerous clones, many of which are unknown. 

Understanding Pinot Noir Clones

Before diving into the specific clones, let's briefly explain what a wine grape clone is:

• A clone is a genetically identical cutting from a parent vine
• Clones are selected for specific traits like flavor profile, yield, or disease resistance
• Different clones can produce distinctly different wines, even when grown in the same vineyard

The 10 Major Clones of Pinot Noir

1. Dijon Clone 113

Characteristics:

• Character: Bright red fruits, floral aromatics
• Structure: High acidity, moderate tannins
• Best For: Adding aromatic complexity and brightness
• Notable: Earlier ripening than other Dijon clones
  

Where it's used: Commonly planted in the coolest regions of Burgundy, France primarily in the Côte de Nuits

Notable feature: Excellent aging potential

2. Dijon Clone 115

Characteristics:

• Character: Red and black fruits, rose petal
• Structure: Silky tannins, medium+ body
• Best For: Adding complexity and ageability
• Notable: Widely planted globally for its versatility and reliability. Is likely the most planted of all clones. However, this is a tricky statement due to poor documentation in older heritage vineyards (and not to mention field selection issues) so the Pommard clone could also rival 115. But we digress...
  

Where it's used: Widely planted all over the world including: Oregon, Sonoma, Santa Barbar, Central Otago, Yarra Valley, Tasmania, Baden and, of course, Burgundy. 

Notable feature: Adds complexity to Pinot Noir blends

3. Dijon Clone 667

Characteristics:

• Character: Dark cherry, blackberry, subtle earth notes
• Structure: Firm tannins, dense mid-palate, good acid
• Best For: Adding structure and concentration to blends
• Notable Features: Deep color, excellent body, consistent yields
  

Where it's used: Thrives in cool-climate regions like Sonoma Coast, California, Burgundy, Central Otago, Loire Valley, and warmer areas of Willamette Valley

Notable feature: Contributes great depth to wines

4. Dijon Clone 777

Characteristics:

• Character: Black fruits, violets, exotic spices, floral notes
• Structure: Velvety tannins, plush mouthfeel, balanced acidity
• Best For: Adding aromatic complexity and silky texture
• Notable Features: Complex perfume, excellent palate depth
  

Where it's used: Widely planted in New Zealand, Burgundy, Santa Barbara, Sonoma Coast. Dundee Hills, and Canada!

Notable feature: Produces wines with exceptional complexity

5. Pommard Clone

Characteristics:

• Character: Dark fruits, earth, mushroom
• Structure: Substantial tannins, full body
• Best For: Creating age-worthy wines
• Notable: One of the oldest widely-planted clones
  

Where it's used: Commonly found in the Côte de Beaune region of Burgundy, France

Notable feature: One of the oldest Pinot Noir clones

6. Wädenswil Clone

Characteristics:

• Character: Red fruits, spice, herbal notes
• Structure: High acidity, elegant tannins
• Best For: Cool-climate regions
• Notable: Excellent disease resistance
  

Where it's used: Often used in cool-climate regions like Willamette Valley, Oregon

Notable feature: Swiss origin adds unique character to New World wines

7. Martini Clone

Characteristics:

• Intense black fruit flavors
• Full body
• Firm tannins

Where it's used: Widely planted in the Russian River Valley, California

Notable feature: Produces wines with great aging potential

8. Swan Clone

Characteristics:

• Perfumed aromatics
• Bright acidity
• Elegant structure

Where it's used: Commonly found in the Santa Lucia Highlands of California

Notable feature: Adds finesse to Pinot Noir blends

9. Abel Clone

Characteristics:

• Intense dark fruit flavors
• Firm tannins
• Long finish

Where it's used: Highly regarded in New Zealand

Notable feature: Also known as the "Gumboot Clone" with a fascinating origin story

10. Calera Clone

Characteristics:

• Complex flavors
• Vibrant acidity
• Excellent structure

Where it's used: Widely planted in the Central Coast region of California

Notable feature: Named after the renowned Calera Wine Company

Bonus Three: 

- Mt. Eden

Characteristics:

• Character: Red fruits, floral, mineral
• Structure: High acidity, refined tannins
• Best For: Creating elegant, age-worthy wines
• Notable: California heritage clone with Burgundian origins

Notable feature: Named after the renowned Mt. Eden Vineyards

- Swan

• Character: Mixed red/black fruits, exotic spices
• Structure: Medium body, complex texture
• Best For: Creating distinctive wines with personality
• Notable: Selection from Joseph Swan's California vineyard

- Mariafeld (23)

• Character: Black fruits, sturdy structure
• Structure: Higher tannins, good acidity
• Best For: Cooler sites prone to botrytis
• Notable: Swiss clone known for disease resistance

Comparing and Contrasting Pinot Noir Clones

When comparing these clones, consider:

• Flavor intensity: From the delicate Dijon 113 to the bold Martini Clone
• Structural elements: Varying levels of acidity, tannins, and body
• Aromatic profiles: From bright red fruits to deep, earthy notes
• Aging potential: Some clones are better suited for early drinking, while others can age for decades

The Impact of Terroir on Pinot Noir Clones

While clones have inherent characteristics, it's important to note that terroir plays a significant role in the final wine:

• Soil composition affects nutrient uptake and flavor development
• Climate influences ripening patterns and acidity levels
• Winemaking techniques can enhance or subdue clone-specific traits

Exploring Pinot Noir Clones: A Journey for Wine Enthusiasts

Each of these 10 major clones of Pinot Noir brings something unique to the table. Whether you prefer the vibrant red fruit flavors of Dijon Clone 113 or the intense black fruit flavors of Martini Clone, there's a Pinot Noir clone to suit every palate. Exploring the different clones and their respective regions can be a fascinating journey into the world of Pinot Noir, allowing you to appreciate the nuances and diversity of this exceptional grape.

Next time you enjoy a glass of Pinot Noir, take a moment to consider the clone that contributed to its creation. You may find a new level of appreciation for this remarkable varietal and the artistry of winemaking.

Buy Pinot Noir at Harvest Wine Shop in San Diego

Ready to explore the world of Pinot Noir? At Harvest Wine Shop, we're passionate about bringing you the finest Pinot Noir selections from around the world. We offer convenient wine shipping in San Diego!

San Diego Wines:
Visit our online store at www.harvestwineshopsd.com to browse our curated collection of Pinot Noir wines, featuring bottles from various clones and regions. Let us help you discover your new favorite Pinot Noir clone today!